问题描述

我想知道是否有办法将滚动条(水平或垂直)放在 matplotlib 显示页面(plt.show)上，该页面包含多个子批次(sublot2grid).目前，我找到的唯一解决方案是使子图非常小，这根本不是很优雅.

I want to know if there is a manner to put a scrollbar (horizontal or vertical) on a matplotlib showing page (plt.show) that contains several sublots (sublot2grid). At the moment, the only solution I find is to make the subplots very small, which isn't very elegant at all.

推荐答案

显示matplotlib图的窗口没有添加滚动条的选项.它会自动将自己调整为图形大小.相反，如果调整大小，图形也会调整大小.

The window showing the matplotlib figure does not have the option to add scrollbars. It will automatically resize itself to the figure size. And inversely, if it is resized the figure will resize as well.

一个选项是构建一个具有此功能的自定义窗口.为此，可以使用 PyQt.下面给出了一个示例，其中不是调用 plt.show() 而是调用自定义类，并将图形作为参数进行绘制.图形大小应事先设置为图形 fig 并且该自定义类不会更改它.相反，它将图形放入带有滚动条的画布中，以便图形保持其原始大小并且可以在 Qt 窗口中滚动.您不必处理类中的细节，只需处理脚本末尾的调用即可.

An option would be to build a custom window which does have this ability. For that purpose, one can use PyQt. An example is given below, where instead of calling plt.show() a custom class is called with the figure to draw as an argument. The figure size should be set to the figure fig beforehands and that custom class will not change it. Instead it puts the figure into a canvas with scrollbars, such that the figure retains it's original size and can be scrolled within the Qt window. You wouln't have to deal with the details inside the class but only the call at the end of the script.

此示例适用于 PyQt4，请参阅下面的 PyQt5 示例.

This example is for PyQt4, see below for a PyQt5 example.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PyQt4 import QtGui
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar

class ScrollableWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, fig):
        self.qapp = QtGui.QApplication([])

        QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self)
        self.widget = QtGui.QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.widget)
        self.widget.setLayout(QtGui.QVBoxLayout())
        self.widget.layout().setContentsMargins(0,0,0,0)
        self.widget.layout().setSpacing(0)

        self.fig = fig
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.fig)
        self.canvas.draw()
        self.scroll = QtGui.QScrollArea(self.widget)
        self.scroll.setWidget(self.canvas)

        self.nav = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self.widget)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.nav)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.scroll)

        self.show()
        exit(self.qapp.exec_()) 


# create a figure and some subplots
fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=4, nrows=5, figsize=(16,16))
for ax in axes.flatten():
    ax.plot([2,3,5,1])

# pass the figure to the custom window
a = ScrollableWindow(fig)

<小时>这是 PyQt5 的版本.

import matplotlib
# Make sure that we are using QT5
matplotlib.use('Qt5Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar


class ScrollableWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, fig):
        self.qapp = QtWidgets.QApplication([])

        QtWidgets.QMainWindow.__init__(self)
        self.widget = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.widget)
        self.widget.setLayout(QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout())
        self.widget.layout().setContentsMargins(0,0,0,0)
        self.widget.layout().setSpacing(0)

        self.fig = fig
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.fig)
        self.canvas.draw()
        self.scroll = QtWidgets.QScrollArea(self.widget)
        self.scroll.setWidget(self.canvas)

        self.nav = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self.widget)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.nav)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.scroll)

        self.show()
        exit(self.qapp.exec_()) 


# create a figure and some subplots
fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=4, nrows=5, figsize=(16,16))
for ax in axes.flatten():
    ax.plot([2,3,5,1])

# pass the figure to the custom window
a = ScrollableWindow(fig)

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