问题描述

如果复合对象的某些部分仍然被引用，python 垃圾收集器是否会清理它

Does python garbage collector cleans up a compound object if some of its parts are still referenced

例如

def foo():
    A = [ [1, 3, 5, 7], [2, 4, 6, 8]]
    return A[1]
B = foo()

A[0] 会被垃圾回收吗?

有没有办法通过代码确认?

Is there a way to confirm the same through code?

推荐答案

Nothing 引用列表 A 和嵌套列表 A[0]，所以是的，它们会从内存中删除.

Nothing references the list A and the nested list A[0], so yes, they will be deleted from memory.

A[1] 引用的嵌套列表对象与原始容器没有连接.

The nested list object referenced by A[1] has no connection back to its original container.

请注意，执行此操作的不是垃圾收集器；GC 只处理破坏循环引用.这种简单的情况完全由引用计数来处理.

Note that it's not the garbage collector that does this; the GC only deals in breaking circular references. This simple case is handled entirely by reference counting.

foo() 返回的那一刻，本地命名空间被清除.这意味着 A 被删除，这意味着列表对象引用计数下降到 0.这将清除该列表对象，这意味着 包含 列表也看到它们的引用计数下降一.对于 A[0] 这意味着计数也下降到 0 并被清除.

The moment foo() returns, the local namespace is cleared up. That means A is removed, which means the list object reference count drops to 0. This clears that list object, which means that the contained lists also see their reference count drop by one. For A[0] that means the count drops to 0 too and it is cleared.

对于由 A[1] 引用的列表对象，您现在有一个对它的引用 B，所以它的计数仍然是 1 并且它仍然是活动的".

For the list object referenced by A[1], you now have a reference B to it, so it's count is still 1 and it remains 'alive'.

要通过代码确认相同，只需使用带有 list 的子类.__del__">__del__ 方法 让我们知道对象何时被删除:

To confirm the same through code, simply use a subclass of list with a __del__ method to let us know when the object is being deleted:

>>> class DelList(list):
...     def __del__(self):
...         print 'Deleted {}'.format(self)
... 
>>> def foo():
...     A = DelList([DelList([1, 3, 5, 7]), DelList([2, 4, 6, 8])])
...     return A[1]
... 
>>> B = foo()
Deleted [[1, 3, 5, 7], [2, 4, 6, 8]]
Deleted [1, 3, 5, 7]
>>> del B
Deleted [2, 4, 6, 8]

所有这些都特定于 CPython(参考 Python 实现)；其他实现可能会以不同的方式处理对象的生命周期(例如，确实使用垃圾收集器在扫描中销毁对象)，但 A 和 A[0] 的生命周期不会改变那些案件；GC 仍会在其他实现中收集它们，尽管可能在不同的时间点.

All this is specific to CPython (the reference Python implementation); other implementations may handle object lifetimes differently (e.g. do use a garbage collector to destroy objects in sweeps), but the lifetime of A and A[0] doesn't change in those cases; the GC will still collect those in other implementations, albeit at a different point in time perhaps.

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