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      1. C++ 中的 map 与 hash_map

        map vs. hash_map in C++(C++ 中的 map 与 hash_map)

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                  问题描述

                  我对 C++ 中的 hash_mapmap 有疑问.我知道 map 在 STL 中,但 hash_map 不是标准.两者有什么区别?

                  I have a question with hash_map and map in C++. I understand that map is in STL, but hash_map is not a standard. What's the difference between the two?

                  推荐答案

                  它们以非常不同的方式实现.

                  They are implemented in very different ways.

                  hash_map(TR1 和 Boost 中的 unordered_map;使用这些代替)使用哈希表,其中键被哈希到表中的一个槽,值存储在与该键关联的列表.

                  hash_map (unordered_map in TR1 and Boost; use those instead) use a hash table where the key is hashed to a slot in the table and the value is stored in a list tied to that key.

                  map 实现为平衡二叉搜索树(通常是红/黑树).

                  map is implemented as a balanced binary search tree (usually a red/black tree).

                  unordered_map 应该在访问集合的已知元素时提供稍微更好的性能,但是 map 将具有其他有用的特性(例如,它以排序顺序存储,这允许从头到尾遍历).unordered_map 在插入和删除时会比 map 更快.

                  An unordered_map should give slightly better performance for accessing known elements of the collection, but a map will have additional useful characteristics (e.g. it is stored in sorted order, which allows traversal from start to finish). unordered_map will be faster on insert and delete than a map.

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