问题描述
在 python 2 中,我使用 map
将函数应用于多个项目,例如,删除所有匹配模式的项目:
In python 2, I used map
to apply a function to several items, for instance, to remove all items matching a pattern:
map(os.remove,glob.glob("*.pyc"))
当然我忽略了os.remove
的返回码,我只想删除所有文件.它创建了一个列表的临时实例,但它确实有效.
Of course I ignore the return code of os.remove
, I just want all files to be deleted. It created a temp instance of a list for nothing, but it worked.
在 Python 3 中,由于 map
返回的是迭代器而不是列表,因此上面的代码什么也不做.我找到了一种解决方法,因为 os.remove
返回 None
,我使用 any
强制对完整列表进行迭代,而不创建 列表
(性能更好)
With Python 3, as map
returns an iterator and not a list, the above code does nothing.
I found a workaround, since os.remove
returns None
, I use any
to force iteration on the full list, without creating a list
(better performance)
any(map(os.remove,glob.glob("*.pyc")))
但这似乎有点危险,特别是在将其应用于返回某些内容的方法时.另一种使用单行而不创建不必要列表的方法?
But it seems a bit hazardous, specially when applying it to methods that return something. Another way to do that with a one-liner and not create an unnecessary list?
推荐答案
map()
(以及从 2.7 到 3.x 的许多其他函数)返回生成器而不是列表的变化是一种节省内存的技术.在大多数情况下,更正式地写出循环不会降低性能(它甚至可能更适合于可读性).
The change from map()
(and many other functions from 2.7 to 3.x) returning a generator instead of a list is a memory saving technique. For most cases, there is no performance penalty to writing out the loop more formally (it may even be preferred for readability).
我会提供一个例子,但@vaultah 在评论中指出:仍然是单线:
I would provide an example, but @vaultah nailed it in the comments: still a one-liner:
for x in glob.glob("*.pyc"): os.remove(x)
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